Erbil Citadel
About Erbil Citadel
A UNESCO World Heritage site dating back at least 6,000 years Located in the beautiful city of Erbil, this is one of the most important cultural and historical sites in the region.
Visitors from around the world come to experience its unique atmosphere and learn about Iraq's rich heritage. The site offers a glimpse into the country's fascinating past and the diverse cultural influences that have shaped it.
Historical Significance
Founded
6000 BCE
Historical Period
Neolithic to Ottoman period
Significance
One of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, the Erbil Citadel has witnessed over 8,000 years of human history. It has been home to many civilizations including Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Ottoman Turks.
Architectural Style
Includes Ottoman-era houses, hammams (bathhouses), and mosques with traditional Kurdish and Mesopotamian architectural elements
Restoration Information
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2014; ongoing restoration since 2007
Cultural Context
The citadel represents the historical core of Erbil and Kurdish heritage. It has been a center for trade, culture, and governance throughout its long history. The citadel's unique oval shape on an artificial mound showcases ancient urban planning principles.
"Erbil Citadel represents an essential part of Iraq's cultural landscape, offering visitors a chance to connect with the country's rich history and traditions."
Visit Information
Location
Erbil Citadel, Erbil, Iraq
Best Time to Visit
- Spring (March-May): Ideal weather, moderate temperatures
- Fall (Sept-Nov): Pleasant temperatures, fewer tourists
- Summer (June-Aug): Very hot, not recommended
Visitor Tips
- • Dress respectfully, covering shoulders and knees
- • Bring water and sun protection
- • Comfortable walking shoes recommended
- • Photography allowed (except where indicated)
- • Local guides available on site